African American And The Harlem Renaissance - 1879 Words

African American’s and the Harlem Renaissance also known as New Negro Movement Many African Americans had been enslaved and remained living in the south. After the end of slavery, the emancipated African Americans, started to act for civic participation, political equality and economic and cultural independence. Right after the civil war had ended many African American Congressmen began to give speeches after the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871. 6 of the congressmen were black by 1875 as part of the Republican Party’s reconstruction legislation By the 1870s, the predominately white Democratic Party managed to regain power in the South. Between 1890 and 1908 the Democratic Party proceeded to pass legislation that were not favorable for†¦show more content†¦Southern life of an African American became increasingly difficult, from there on African Americans migrated up north by the thousands. Majority of the African-American literary movement came from a generation that h ad lived through the hardships of the Reconstruction Era after the Civil War. Sometimes their parents or grandparents had previously been slaves. Their ancestry sometimes benefited by generating investments in cultural capital, for example education. Most African American in the Harlem Renaissance were part of the Great Migration from the South into the Negro neighborhoods of the North and Midwestern parts of the United States. African Americans sought out better living standards and relief from the institutionalized racism in the South. Others were of African descent from racially separated communities among the Caribbean Islands who came to the United States In hopes of a better life. During this major migration of African Americans as they were once again united in Harlem. â€Å"During the early 20th century, Harlem was the cultural haven for African American immigrants from around the country, attracting those seeking work from the South, and those educated African Americans wh o made the area a nucleus of culture, as well as a rapidly increasing middle class of African Americans and African descendants. â€Å"The district had originally been intended for upper class and

Sleep in Macbeth - 789 Words

Sleep became a very important symbol in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†. A major theme of the play was guilt and how it ate away at the life and personality of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, tearing them away from who they used to be. The nightmare that their lives turned into was a reflection on their lack of sleep and inability to escape from the evils they committed. Right after Macbeth murders Duncan, he says â€Å"Now o er the one half-world / Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse / The curtain d sleep (2.1.49-51). This reveals how the nightmares Macbeth experiences when he tries to sleep are so terrible thy even penetrate the curtains around his bed. The symbol of sleep, or lack thereof, goes hand in hand with the grief associated†¦show more content†¦This is an example of the type of woman she was before the lack of sleep began. After a little while she became a weak, paranoid, scared shell of a woman with nothing to live for. She became eerily re mnant of the early Macbeth but without anyone to help her in her time of need. With Macbeth focused on his own problems, she began to waste away and finally ended her life, no longer able to bear it. Sleep brings clarity of mind to people, and morality goes hand in hand with clarity of mind. Before the weird sisters prophecies, Macbeth was an honorable, moral thane. After he lost his ability to rest, his sense of shame and empathy was lost entirely and the post murder Macbeth was born. Morality accompanies a conscious, something both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth had lost after they became blinded with prospective power. Albeit, Lady Macbeth may have never had a strong conscious, Macbeth was a much more ethical character towards the beginning of the story. Macbeth was a normal human being when he still retained his morality, his conscious, and his relationships with others. His friendship with Banquo is a good example of this. Before the prophecies were made Banquo was his rightShow Mor eRelatedSleep and Rest In Macbeth Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’ sleep is a very significant aspect of the play which is portrayed by many references to it and occurrences that result in sleep deprivation. To emphasize the importance of resting Shakespeare uses varied poetic language and sleep distortions. Sleep comes as a significant theme of the play when Macbeth, persuaded by Lady Macbeth kills King Duncan while he is asleep at their house. Consequently, Macbeth suffers from devastating nightmares and delusions which are theRead More Importance of Sleep in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth:nbsp; The Importance of Sleep nbsp; Macbeth nbsp;nbsp;Sleep is a time when our minds are at rest and the subconscious comes out to play.nbsp; Sleep is oftentimes considered the place where we are able to see into our future and perhaps figure out how to solve our problems.nbsp; Sleep is also what heals and cures our minds and bodies.nbsp; Without sleep we slowly begin to disintegrate.nbsp; Mind and body no longer cooperate without the healing force sleep brings with it.nbsp;Read MoreEssay on The Importance of the Sleep Walking Scene in Macbeth841 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is one of Shakespeares problem plays which have puzzled the critics all over the years. It is compact and full of significant scenes, and it has two important characters, Macbeth and his wife. It is a clear study of human nature, which I personally think Shakespeare had mastered. The final act opens with the sleepwalking scene and this scene is of great significance because it reveals the true nature of lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is one of the enigmatic characters. Once she is a womanRead MoreImages of Night and Sleep in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof Night and Sleep in Macbeth by William Shakespeare The Shakespearean work Macbeth is a dramatic tragedy. It is a serious play that represents the disastrous downfall of its central character, Macbeth. In this tragedy there are many terrible acts of bloodthirsty, premeditated violence. Many of these gruesome acts happen at night. These incidents of tragedy have a major affect on the main characters and their actions. Macbeth also contains many images of sleep. As the Read MoreThe Descent of the Despot: Sleep Deprivation, Hallucinations and Guilt in Macbeth1207 Words   |  5 Pagesproduction of Macbeth, little has been done to disjoint the narrative frame it has established, and to the extent that modern reworkings, such as The Last King of Scotland, have attempted to renovate its facade, they have generally done little but dilute the complexity of the original, primarily on account of the fact that they take as their focus a single murderous autocrat, by necessity restricting the focus of the narrative to the descent into madness of a single individual. In Macbeth we are presentedRead More bloodmac Shakespeares Macbeth - Images and Imagery of Blood and Sleep922 Words   |  4 PagesBlood and Sleep Imagery in Macbeth  Ã‚   Macbeth screams imagery!   Shakespeare uses imagery of blood and sleep   to create an atmosphere of horror, during the killing of Duncan, which contributes to our sense of Macbeths growing insanity.   Eventually Lady Macbeths final scene is enhanced with the use of blood imagery which reflects her guilt.   Shakespeares use of imagery connects the feeling of horror from audience to play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth held such potential for himself. He wasRead MoreMacbeth864 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination. In any piece of literature, imagery plays a significant role in illustrating the characters. In the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are developed through the use of clothing, sleep, and blood imagery. Through the use of clothing imagery, Shakespeare exposes and develops the character of Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth is seen as loyal soldier of King Duncan. When presented with the title of Thane of Cawdor, he says Why do you dressRead MoreEssay on Suffering from Sleep Disorder1451 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"He who learns must suffer. And even in our sleep pain that cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart, and in our own despair, against our will, comes wisdom to us by the awful grace of God†. Said by: Aeschylus. To me this simply mean don’t do something which you are not comfortable with. When you do something bad it might not affect you at the beginning but it will affect you later in your life. For example in the play Shakespeare Macbeth had Banquo murder so he could become king and heRead More Darkness and the Agents of Chaos in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pages In Macbeth William Shakespeare employs his skills in imagery and symbolism.   The landscape of Macbeth reveals the contours of the title characters psychological turmoil.   Churning with self-doubt about his determination, his ability to connect word and act, and his sexual potency, Macbeth is a man at the mercy of his environment.   The inability to sleep is symbolic of a tormented soul and represents a characters control over their lives.   The imagery of darkness in Act 4 is used to describeRead More Images, Imagery, Symbols, and Symbolism in Macbeth Essay610 Words   |  3 PagesImagery and Symbolism in Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses extensive imagery and symbolism throughout the course of his play.   Shakespeare uses this imagery and symbolism so that the reader may gain a deeper understanding and feeling for the happenings of this tragedy.   This is further demonstrated by Shakespeares use of darkness in Macbeth.   As one of the more noticeable and important symbols, darkness represents many different elements in the play.   First and foremost

Taxation Law Assignment Ruling

Question: As a contract pilot he agrees to provide his services as, for example, a Gulfstream qualified pilot for flights aboard an aircraft owned or operated by a client? Answer: Introduction The below segment of the assignment will define the laws of judging whether the person in context is an employee or a contractor, through the effective description of the characteristics of both, for Australian taxation purposes. Body Definition of an employee Under the taxation ruling of TR 2005/16, at common law, an employee is an individual who has a contract of service relationship with the employer, and is usually compensated in cash for the labour rendered to the employer, over a period of time, with no specific task involved (ATO 2015), so as to facilitate the employer to achieve his set goals and results. Also as per s. 12(1) of the Superannuation Guarantee Administration Act (SGAA) 1992, if an individual is an employee at common law, he is deemed to be an employee under SGAA 1992 as well (OBryan and James 2012). However, even if an individual is not an employee at common law, through the structure of s. 12(2-7), 12(8a), 12(8c), 12(9a), 12(9b) and 12(10), he is said to be an employee as per SGAA 1992 for superannuation purposes. Definition of a contractor Under the taxation ruling of TR 2005/16, at common law, a contractor is an individual or individuals who is/are on a relationship with the client, of contract for services, and is typically engaged to achieve a particular set of task, rather than for a holistic goal (ATO 2015). Therefore, the contractor has the fixed task to achieve a particular goal, and makes profits or incurs losses based on his performance of those tasks. Characteristic Discussion about the differences between an employee and contractor with context to Toby Financial Risk - There is no financial risk involved with employees (Fairwork Ombudsman 2015). It means that the business operations of the company do not affect the salary of the employee. In the case of a contractor, he bears the risk to make profits or incur losses, and is considered to be the game changer for his contractual services. Toby prepares his hourly rate in such a manner that his profits are returned to Tobyair, on successful completion of work. This relates to the fact that his nature is more contractual than actually that of an employee. Leave The employees are entitles to paid leaves, which is limited to particular number of days in a financial year (Fairwork Ombudsman 2015). A contractor, on the other hand, is more of a freelancing nature and in case he decides to take leaves from work, he bears losses for those paid leaves. In the case of Toby, he calculates the prospective losses on leaves for sickness, and attaches them to the service charge for his flying abilities. Results - An employee performs on a regular routine with multiple desirable results, and does not work with the idea to achieve just one goal. A contractor is required to deliver a specific result, which is more based on the guideline of obtaining the same for his financial profitability. Toby is engaged in contractual services which involve the success of the flight, and hence has just one desirable result. Tobys remuneration model is based on the flights success rates, and hence the more the smoother, the complete the payment is granted to him. Financial Compensation - The financial compensation of an employee may be fixed or variable, or a mixture of both but certainly exists. There is no fixed financial compensation involved herein in the case of a contractor as he is entitled to receive as per the delivery of his task. Toby receives his remuneration only on the successful completion of his task, which implies that his services are in line with those of the contractors. Degree of responsibility The degree of responsibility may be shifted from one employee to another (Fairwork Ombudsman 2015). However, in the case of a contractor, it cannot be shifted to any other individual considering that the services are highly personalized. Toby delivers additional than what he is required to, and hence does not shift his degree of work. His services are highly personalized, and that is exactly what he is paid for. Employee/Contractor Decision Tool The employee/contractor decision tool is based on the Taxation Ruling 2005/16 and Superannuation Guarantee Ruling 2005/1 (Australian Taxation Office 2015). Given that the payments are made to the company Tobyair for the services rendered by Toby, and also that no labour hire payment is made in this case, the employee/contractor decision tool states that the contract has been entered with a contractor and hence the service provider is not the employee of the given client(s) (Australian Taxation Office 2015). Thus, for income tax purposes, Toby must be considered as a contractor and not an employee of any company. Also, it must be noted that the characteristics of a contractor are reflected by the working patterns of Toby. Firstly, Toby is paid on the outcome basis, or the results achieved for his work, his expertise comes on board for the work delivered, he is free to accept an assignment or reject it and at the same time, can incur a profit/loss for any piece of work (Taxpayers Austr alia 2014). Conclusion Thus, we have fairly concluded that Toby is a contractor for income tax purposes based on the characteristic features which an employee lacks, and contractors possess which are in correspondence with the nature of Tobys services (Loki Systems 2014). However, since Tony is a contractor, his clients do not have the right to withhold taxes. Nevertheless, it is mandatory for Toby to provide his Australian Business Number (ABN) or otherwise, the clients are required to withhold taxes as per law (Marshall 2006). Also, for the purpose of superannuation obligations, Toby is not an employee as he does not fulfil the condition of the individual is not paid to achieve a result as stated in s. 12(3) of the SGAA 1992 (ATO 2015). The workers compensation and payroll tax also do not fall under the obligatory payments by the clients since Toby is a contractor for tax purposes. References Australian Taxation Office (2015). Employee/contractor decision tool. [Online], available from Australian Taxation Office Website: Australian Taxation Office (2015). Employee/contractor decision tool. [Online], available from Australian Taxation Office Website: ATO (2015). Taxation Ruling TR 2005/16. [Online], available from ATO Website: ATO (2015). Superannuation Guarantee Ruling SGR 2005/1. [Online], available from ATO Website: Australian Business (2011). Fact Sheet: Independent contracting. [Online], available from Australian Business Website BDO (2014, July). An employers tax guide. [Online], available from BDO Website: Cummins, E (2014, August 6). Do you know the difference between a contractor and a temporary worker? [Online], available from Blog Nvoi Website: HR Block (2015). Income tax FAQs. [Online], available from HR Block Website: HSBC (2014). Worldwide personal tax guide 2013-2014. [Online], available from Expat HSBC Website: Lim, V and Sinclair, P (2012, February). Employee or contractor? Know your payers obligation. [Online], available from Professionals Australia Website: (Accessed January 18, 2015) Loki Systems (2014). Income and Payroll tax reporting in Australia: The basics. [Online], available from Loki Systems Website: Marshall, B (2006, October 1). Working it out Employee or independent contractor? [Online], available from ePublications Bond Website: OBryan, A and James, R (2012, March 17). Australia: ATO targets independent contractor agreements. [Online], available from Mondaq Website: Taxpayers Australia (2014, July 30). Employee or contractor? (theres a big tax difference). [Online], available from Taxpayer Website Vesperman, S (2014, September 3). ATO warns against treating employees as contractors. [Online], available from Business Franchise Australia Website: